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04 March 2015

We have to thank University of Wisconsin-Madison economics professor Menzie Chinn, because we don't think that we could have produced a better chart showing the difference in post-recession economic performance of states that adopted labor, tax and regulation policies preferred by Republicans and states that maintained policies preferred by Democrats, with one set of states clearly coming out on top.

Menzie Chinn Chart, Log coincident indices, relative GDP growth, MI, OH, IN, MN, IL, WI, US, 2010-2014, 2011M01=0

Given his other comments, we don't think that Professor Chinn necessarily intended to demonstrate that point, but that's certainly the inescapable conclusion that one must draw from the level of evidence Chinn has provided. Especially when we illustrate the partisan control of state-level elective institutions for each of these states. The chart below identifies the political party (D = Democrat, R = Republican) controlling each state's Governor's office (Gov), Senate (Sen) or House of Representatives (Rep).

Partisan control of state-level elective institutions for Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, 2007-2015

Looking at the relative economic performance in each of these states and correlating it with partisan control of elective state government offices, we quickly find that Wisconsin is the outlier in the period since 2011. But then, Wisconsin is also the only state to fully switch from Democratic party control to Republican, where the losing party was able to sustain many of its preferred policies, in particular, the state's tax hikes that took effect in both 2010 and 2011, which saddled the state's economy with a tremendous amount of fiscal drag given the negative and outsized impact of the GDP multiplier for taxes.

That extension in harmful economic policies was made possible by the scorched earth campaign of political protests launched by the state's Democratic party and its extremist supporters after they lost power at the end of 2010. Their extremist campaign also increased the uncertainty that the state's businesses faced, amplifying the negative economic climate in the state.

Even though Republican majorities had taken control of each of the state's elective institutions in January 2011, by the summer of 2011, recall elections mounted by the Democratic party's supporters had succeeded in putting the state's Senate within a razor thin one-seat margin of their regaining control of it. At the same time, the state's Democratic party succeeded in initiating a recall election against the state's new Republican governor, Scott Walker, which would take place in June 2012.

Public Employee Labor Union Protest - Source:http://legis.wisconsin.gov/eupdates/asm48/solidarity%20sing%20along.jpg

That uncertainty in large part resulted from the kind of radical leftist extremism shared by many of the state's Democratic party senators. That ideological extremism had first been fully put into evidence back in 2007, where after coming into power after having taken control of Wisconsin's state senate, passed a bill that would double the state's entire tax burden on the eve of the nation falling into deep recession.

In the summer of 2011, many of these same individuals were among those who had fled the state earlier in the year to purposefully obstruct not just the new Republican governor's public employee union reforms, but also the Governor's other economic reforms. That this group could potentially regain power led to a state of political affairs that was sufficient to derail the state Republican party from being able to fully implement its preferred set of labor, tax and regulation policies, as only the Republican public employee union reforms carried forward. Those reforms, by the way, ultimately saved both money and even the jobs of many of the state's public employees who had really been at risk of being laid off because of the state's deteriorating fiscal situation at the beginning of 2011.

Meanwhile, the tax policy of the previous Democratic party majorities in the state would remain untouched until at least July 2013, when the state's next biennial budget would go into effect.

As events transpired, thanks to Scott Walker's victory in the June 2012 gubernatorial recall election and the widening of Republican party control of the state's elective institutions in subsequent elections, July 2013 marks when the state more fully adopted the Republican party's preferred suite of economic policies.

Let's next apply Professor Chinn's preferred form of state comparison time series analysis to the period since July 2013, first over the same time interval.

Menzie Chinn Chart, Log coincident indices, relative GDP growth, MI, OH, IN, MN, IL, WI, US, 2010-2014, 2013M07=0

And now let's zoom in closer to focus on the years of 2013 and 2014, the area shown in the dashed red box in the upper right hand corner of the previous chart.

Menzie Chinn Chart, Log coincident indices, relative GDP growth, MI, OH, IN, MN, IL, WI, US, 2013-2014, 2013M07=0

In these charts, we first confirm that since July 2013, Wisconsin has left its former Democratic party-controlled peers behind.

We see though that the state is still performing well short of the economic performance of its fellow Republican party-controlled regional peers, which may be attributable to their considerably longer head starts in implementing positive economic reforms. Meanwhile, we see that both Illinois and Minnesota have languished under their Democratic party control, with Minnesota having taken a distinct turn to the downside in late 2014. We see also that Wisconsin began outperforming the U.S. as a whole during the period since July 2013, which is significant for this period since that data series reflects the generally improving economic progress of the nation as a whole.

Curiously, we observe that unlike the other states, Minnesota went from full Republican control in the years from 2011 through 2012 to full Democratic party control in the years from 2013 through 2014, which perhaps helps account for its better performance in the earlier years and its deteriorating performance in the latter years.

As neat as time series analyses like Professor Chinn's are in measuring relative economic performance, as meaningful analysis, they fall considerably short if only the timing of changes in partisan control of a state governor's office is the only criteria for establishing a baseline for comparison, because of the context that approach lacks. As we've discussed above, the actions of those not in power can indeed have a measurable impact on the progress of a state's economic growth if they have a viable means of reattaining power, and can even be as destructive and harmful in their impact as an especially severe drought that takes years from which to recover.

Which we only mention because Professor Chinn made such an odd and unconnected reference to Kansas' disappointing economic growth since 2011, but doesn't appear to be aware of the unique weather conditions that set the state's agricultural and related nondurable goods industries and its economy on such a separate trajectory from other states, from which it continues to slowly recover.

References

Ballotpedia. Who Runs the States, Part One: State Partisanship. Figure 19: Visualization of State Partisanship (with Presidential voting) from 1992-2013 -- Alabama-Mississippi and Figure 20: Visualization of State Partisanship (with Presidential voting) from 1992-2013 -- Montana-Wyoming. [Online Article. Accessed 4 March 2015.

Ballotpedia. Gubernatorial and legislative party control of state government. [Online Article. Accessed 4 March 2015.

Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. State Coincident Indexes. Revised Data. [Excel Spreadsheet]. Accessed 4 March 2015.

Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. State Coincident Indicators, Revised Data. [Excel Spreadsheet]. Accessed 4 March 2014.

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Quarterly Gross Domestic Product by State, 2005-2013 (Prototype Statistics). Table: Real GDP by State, 2005-2013. [Excel Spreadsheet]. Accessed 4 March 2014.

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