After see-sawing during much of the trading week, the S&P 500 (Index: SPX) rose to close the volatile week at 2,874.56. That is 511.59 points lower than the record high closing value the S&P 500 hit back on 19 February 2020, just before the spreading coronavirus pandemic sent stock prices crashing, and that is 637.16 points higher than the bottom of 2,237.40 the index recorded on 23 March 2020, which marks the beginning of when the Federal Reserve finally began ramping up major interventions to provide liquidity to cash-starved businesses.

Through the close of trading on ending Friday, 17 April 2020, it appears those interventions have flipped the normal order for stock prices upside down, causing the amplification factor that relates changes in the growth rate of dividends to changes in stock prices to become negative. The alternative futures forecast chart shows the effect of that regime change, which appears to have taken place in stages.

Right now, the chart reflects a general outline of how the amplification factor m has been changing over the last few weeks, after having been virtually a fixed constant over the past decade. Additional work needs to be done to refine the timeline of the Fed's actions to quantify the impact they have had and are having on the value of stock prices.

We cannot understate that apparent impact. In a comparatively stable stock market environment, stock prices rise when changes in the expected future growth rate of their underlying dividends per share are positive and they fall when those changes in the expected future growth rate of dividends turn negative, which makes intuitive sense. In the upside down market the Fed has created during the last three weeks, stock prices are rising even though the expected change in the growth rate of dividends per share over the foreseeable future are negative. Nobody as yet has any idea of how stable that new regime might be, nor how long the Fed might be able to sustain it, nor how the Fed might ever be able to stop doing what it has started without creating a massive disruption in the markets.

Welcome to the upside down! Here are the past week's more significant news headlines from the stock market's new regime:

Monday, 13 April 2020

• Deal to end Saudi-Russia price war made, but falling demand weighs:
• Oil mixed as demand worries offset gains from output cut deal
• Record oil output cuts fail to make waves in coronavirus-hit market
• Oil agreement could support stocks, providing a floor
• Russia hails oil deal it says will save millions of U.S.jobs
• Bigger trouble developing worldwide:
• China's exports slump seen extending to March as coronavirus ravages global economy: Reuters poll
• U.S. GDP will contract 30% in second quarter, 5% in 2020: PIMCO
• After pandemic, Fed policymakers see slow U.S. recovery
• Fed's Kashkari says U.S. economy faces 'long, hard road' to recover from coronavirus
• Fed's Clarida says central bank has tools to avoid deflation: BBG
• Positive developments to end state economy lockdowns:
• New York and five other states to work together on reopening amid coronavirus
• Governors of California, Oregon and Washington make deal to reopen economies
• Dow, S&P 500 slide as focus shifts to earnings; Nasdaq gains

Tuesday, 14 April 2020

• Signs and portents for U.S. economy:
• Oil slumps on worries that supply cuts are playing catch-up to falling demand
• Two big U.S. banks offer glum outlook for coronavirus recession
• Fauci: May 1 target for reopening U.S. economy 'overly optimistic' - AP
• Bigger trouble developing in the Euro zone:
• French economy to contract 8% this year as lockdown extended: minister
• Hopeful signs for global economy:
• Global stocks gain on China trade data, easing pandemic worries
• China's trade slump eases in March, but pandemic set to deepen export downturn
• Fed moves to expand liquidity for cash-starved businesses:
• Fed to launch commercial paper liquidity backstop Tuesday
• Easily the most significant market-moving news of the day. See below for why.
• Pandemic survival plans: U.S. businesses scramble to conserve cash, boost liquidity
• Plans developing to enable re-opening of U.S. economy:
• Trump to make announcements on reopening U.S. economy in next day or two: adviser
• Ten U.S. states developing 'reopening' plans account for 38% of U.S. economy
• Fed's Bullard: Shutdown cannot be sustained forever; restart hinges on risk management
• Fed's Barkin: Businesses already planning ways to adapt to post-pandemic world
• Wall Street jumps as hopes for easing lockdown offset earnings worry

Wednesday, 15 April 2020

• Signs and portents for the U.S. economy:
• Stocks, crude plunge on economic data, oil oversupply
• U.S. retail sales, factory output sink as economy reels from coronavirus
• Fed's Bostic Says U.S. Businesses Face Survival Crisis in May
• Bigger trouble developing in China, Germany:
• Coronavirus to push China's first-quarter GDP into first decline on record: Reuters poll
• German recession to continue until mid-year: ministry
• Bigger stimulus developing in Japan, China:
• Japan's $1 trillion coronavirus stimulus to lift GDP by 3.8%: Abe
• China cuts medium-term borrowing costs to record low, steps up pandemic battle
• Better news:
• Trump says close to plan to reopen economy possibly, in part, before May 1
• Wall Street slides on gloomy economic data, bank earnings

Thursday, 16 April 2020

• Signs and portents for the U.S. economy:
• Oil little changed, U.S. ties 18-year low after OPEC cuts demand forecast
• U.S. weekly jobless claims highlight economic carnage from coronavirus
• Measures to control coronavirus weigh on U.S. homebuilding
• Some good news: U.S. Midwest governors to coordinate reopening economies battered by coronavirus
• Bigger trouble developing in Euro zone:
• Euro zone industry output dips in February on eve of virus measures
• Bigger stimulus developing in Japan, small business relief in U.S.:
• Japan makes coronavirus emergency nationwide as Abe plans cash payouts for all
• Fed says backstop for small business loans fully operational
• Fed's Bostic: Small business may need up to $500 bln monthly in support through crisis
• Fed minions weighing what to do next, have few good ideas:
• New York Fed's Williams says full economic consequences of coronavirus still unknown
• Fed can help save lives by targeting GDP growth: Dallas Fed adviser
• Fed's Kaplan says open to doing more, but 'moral hazard' a concern
• Fed's Harker: U.S. economy should not rush to re-open, risk a new wave of infections
• Fed's Barkin: Post-crisis may see fewer baristas, more home health workers
• Neel Kashkari: Big US banks should raise $200bn in capital now
• Bullard Warns "Depression" Is Possible; Says Americans Should Wear A Badge With Covid Test Results
• ECB, OECD minions minion hit by flash of insight:
• ECB braces for large economic contraction, Lagarde tells peers
• OECD's Gurria says global economy probably in contraction
• Wall Street rises as Amazon and Netflix hit record highs

Friday, 17 April 2020

• Oil mixed as weak Chinese data, growing U.S. supplies offset Trump plan to ease lockdown
• China crude oil runs hit 15-month low as virus cripples demand
• Half of announced North American oil cuts come from just three companies
• Fed minions flood the zone on central bank coronavirus relief efforts:
• Fed's Kashkari says Trump's 'staged approach' to reopen economy makes sense
• NY Fed's Williams says economic pain likely to continue for 'some time'
• Fed's Bullard: Programs so far are 'standard' central banking - shouldn't he have said 'technically' instead of 'standard'?
• Bullard says Fed should keep some 'firepower' reserved in case crisis worsens
• Fed's Mester says economic reopening has to be done carefully, in stages
• NY Fed markets head says 'time is of the essence' in establishing new lending facilities
• Coronavirus relief finding its way to small businesses, partisanship holding up more aid for Main Street:
• Main Street bailout rewards U.S. restaurant chains, firms in rural states
• Naked partisanship: Pelosi, Schumer say they're not backing down on coronavirus relief demands
• Tiring of their leaders' games: 'No excuses': Moderate Democrats urge quick deal on small business coronavirus aid
• Stock prices rise on Trump plan to reopen business:
• Wall Street gains on Boeing surge and coronavirus drug hopes
• European stock markets jump on Trump's restart plan
• Cash is king as U.S. quarterly reporting season gains steam

Stranger things indeed. Want to see the week's markets and economy-related news divided into positive and negative bullet points? Check out Barry Ritholtz' succinct summary of the week's events to get a bigger picture than what we've presented!

As the market's volatility keeps it interesting, we'll continue providing daily updates throughout the week by appending them to this article, so if you're reading it on a site that republishes our RSS news feed, please follow this link to catch up with any updates to it.

The Day They Paid People To Take Oil

Update 20 April 2020, 9:30 PM Eastern: We picked the right headline for this edition of our S&P 500 chaos series, as the U.S. economy has indeed entered the proverbial Upside Down. The evidence for that was the crash of West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices, which turned negative to close at -$37.63 per barrel for the first time in history today, where low demand and the absence of storage space in Cushing, Oklahoma led oil suppliers to offer to pay people to take their oil because they don't have anyplace else to keep it.

This isn't just a U.S. story. With an oil glut developing all over the world, a race is on to find places to store crude oil, with oil tankers in exceptionally high demand as producers have turned to storing their oil on the high seas.

The dim prospects for oil demand being restored anytime soon sent the S&P 500's dividend futures for 2020-Q2 notably lower. Meanwhile, the S&P 500 itself closed lower, dropping only 1.79% to close at 2,823.16. If not for being in the Upside Down, it's likely stock prices would have fallen much, much further.

The S&P 500's wild ride would seem far from over.

Oil Price Collapse Casts Shadow Over Stock Prices

Update 21 April 2020, 6:30 PM Eastern: The collapse of global oil prices dominated the market today, with the oil and gas sector particularly hard hit. We're tracking dividend cut announcements behind the scenes and can confirm activity from that sector has significantly ramped up in the past week.

That's tougher to tell from the CME Group's dividend futures, which hasn't changed all that much. The S&P 500 (Index: SPX) fell 3.1% to close at 2,736.56.

We're also seeing heightened traffic to our Factoring Global Demand Into the Price of Oil tool on the producer side, and also our Where Are U.S. Gas Prices Going? tool on the consumer side. Speaking of which, the latter tool suggests gasoline (petrol) prices at the pump could average $1.48 nationally in the near future.

We're also wondering how long the amplification factor can remain at -1, but we may soon find out.

Good Day For Oil, Good Day For S&P 500

Update 22 April 2020, 6:30 PM Eastern: Oil was up, with hopes the glut in Cushing's storage facilities can be dealt with to make negative oil prices into a temporary phenomenon.

That led to modest boosts in expected dividend futures and in the S&P 500 (Index: SPX), which increased 2.3% to close at 2,799.31, with oil and gas firms gaining on the development.

What shoe do you suppose will be the next to drop in the Upside Down stock market?

The Day Gilead's Promising COVID-19 Treatment Went Bust

Update 23 April 2020, 6:30 PM Eastern: What happens to stock prices when the promise of a drug for treating COVID-19 proves to not be what had previously been believed?

The short answer to that question is it deflates what had been set to be a positive day for the U.S. stock market. The good news is that oil prices rose on the day, providing some stability for that distressed sector, which offset the drop in pharmaceuticals. At the end of the day, dividend futures were slightly up, thanks largely to the improvement in the outlook for the oil sector, but the overall S&P 500 (Index: SPX) very slightly dipped 0.05% to close at 2,797.80, deflated by news of the reported failure of Gilead's Remsdevir drug in testing.

That it for daily updates this week. We'll pick things up with what happened on Friday, 24 April 2020 in the next edition of the S&P 500 chaos series.